Under Section 15, Rule 14,
it is apparent that there are only four instances wherein a defendant who is a
non-resident and is not found in the country may be served with summons by
extraterritorial service, to wit: (1) when the action affects the personal
status of the plaintiffs; (2) when the action relates to, or the subject of
which is property, within the Philippines, in which the defendant claims a lien
or an interest, actual or contingent; (3) when the relief demanded in such
action consists, wholly or in part, in excluding the defendant from any
interest in property located in the Philippines; and (4) when the defendant
non-resident's property has been attached within the Philippines. In
these instances, service of summons may be effected by (a) personal service out
of the country, with leave of court; (b) publication, also with leave of court;
or (c) any other manner the court may deem sufficient.
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