It
is well-settled that a decision that has acquired finality becomes immutable
and unalterable, and may no longer be modified in any respect, even if the
modification is meant to correct erroneous conclusions of fact and law, and
whether it be made by the court that rendered it or by the Highest Court of the
land. This principle, commonly known as the doctrine of immutability of
judgment, has a two-fold purpose, namely: (a) to avoid delay in the
administration of justice and thus, procedurally, to make orderly the discharge
of judicial business; and (b) to put an end to judicial controversies, at the
risk of occasional errors, which is precisely why courts exist. Verily, it
fosters the judicious perception that the rights and obligations of every
litigant must not hang in suspense for an indefinite period of time. As such,
it is not regarded as a mere technicality to be easily brushed aside, but
rather, a matter of public policy which must be faithfully complied.
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