Forum-shopping can be
committed in three ways: (1) by filing
multiple cases based on the same cause of action and with the same prayer, the
previous case not having been resolved yet (where the ground for dismissal is
litis pendentia); (2) by filing multiple cases based on the same cause of
action and with the same prayer, the previous case having been finally resolved
(where the ground for dismissal is res judicata); and (3) by filing multiple
cases based on the same cause of action but with different prayers (splitting
of causes of action, where the ground for dismissal is also either litis
pendentia or res judicata). (BORRA
vs. CA [2013], PERALTA, J.)
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