HIERARCHY OF EVIDENTIARY VALUES:

     In the hierarchy of evidentiary values, proof beyond reasonable doubt is at the highest level, followed by clear and convincing evidence, then by preponderance of evidence, and lastly by substantial evidence, in that order (Manalo v. Roldan-Confessor, G.R. No. 102358, 19 November 1992 cited in SHERYL C. DELA CRUZ VS. PAMELA P. MALUNAO, A.M. NO. P-11-3019, MARCH 20, 2012, PER CURIAM)